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PNP Fuels Decentralization of Economic Immigration and Alters Immigrant Characteristics, Study Reveals.
The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has been a transformative force within Canada's immigration landscape, heralding a shift in the distribution and characteristics of economic immigrants, as underscored by a comprehensive study conducted by Statistics Canada.
Evolution of the PNP
Introduced across all provinces except Quebec and the Yukon between 1998 and 2009, the PNP aimed to facilitate the settlement of economic immigrants beyond major urban centers and address each province's unique labor force needs. Crafted to be flexible and adaptable, the PNP has diversified into various streams, encompassing applicants with job offers, those without job offers, entrepreneurs, and international students.
The PNP's growth trajectory is impressive, with 68,000 provincial nominees in 2019 alone. Notably, the PNP emerged as the foremost selection program for economic immigrants, comprising 35% of all new immigrants in Canada in 2019, a substantial leap from its 1% representation in 2000.
Transforming Immigration Dynamics
The Statistics Canada study reveals a direct correlation between the expansion of the PNP and the decentralization of economic immigrants across the country. The dispersion of immigrants across provinces and territories witnessed a paradigm shift, evident from a decline in Ontario's share from 61% to 42%, and a slight dip in British Columbia's from 17% to 15%. Simultaneously, the Prairie provinces, namely Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, experienced marked growth in immigrants' share, collectively rising from 1% to 7%.
Changing Profile of Nominees
Over time, the PNP has fostered a distinct transformation in the profile of selected candidates:
1. Prior Canadian Earnings: The selection of candidates with Canadian earnings prior to landing, often temporary foreign workers, increased dramatically. The proportion of nominees aged 20 to 54 who were previous temporary foreign workers surged from 6% in 2002 to 72% in 2021, substantially influencing labor market outcomes.
2. Pre-Immigration Canadian Study: The number of PNP immigrants with pre-immigration Canadian study experience soared to 38% in 2019 from 7% in 2010, underscoring the growing importance of education within the immigration pathway.
3. Age and Language Ability: Age at immigration registered a decline as younger immigrants showed better long-term economic outcomes. The study also found a marked improvement in official language ability, with virtually zero nominees arriving without proficiency in English or French in 2019.
4. Source Countries: Source countries for economic immigrants underwent a notable shift. In 2019, 70% of new provincial nominees hailed from Southern Asia, Eastern Asia, and Southeast Asia.
A Promising Trajectory
The PNP has indelibly impacted Canada's immigration landscape, accomplishing significant decentralization of economic immigrants. Not only has it diversified the distribution of immigrants but has also facilitated immigrants' integration into the labor market. The expansion of the PNP aligns with Canada's broader immigration objectives, offering regional solutions to demographic and labor market challenges.
As the study underscores, the PNP's ongoing growth holds the potential to further consolidate the trend of regional decentralization, contributing to a more dynamic and balanced immigration system in response to diverse regional needs.
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